education for WorldwideArchive 2021

The Simplest Math Problem No One Can Solve
#11Education

The Simplest Math Problem No One Can Solve

The Collatz Conjecture is the simplest math problem no one can solve — it is easy enough for almost anyone to understand but notoriously difficult to solve. This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via https://brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription.Special thanks to Prof. Alex Kontorovich for introducing us to this topic, filming the interview, and consulting on the script and earlier drafts of this video.▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ References:Lagarias, J. C. (2006). The 3x+ 1 problem: An annotated bibliography, II (2000-2009). arXiv preprint math/0608208. — https://ve42.co/Lagarias2006Lagarias, J. C. (2003). The 3x+ 1 problem: An annotated bibliography (1963–1999). The ultimate challenge: the 3x, 1, 267-341. — https://ve42.co/Lagarias2003Tao, T (2020). The Notorious Collatz Conjecture — https://ve42.co/Tao2020A. Kontorovich and Y. Sinai, Structure Theorem for (d,g,h)-Maps, Bulletin of the Brazilian Mathematical Society, New Series 33(2), 2002, pp. 213-224.A. Kontorovich and S. Miller Benford's Law, values of L-functions and the 3x+1 Problem, Acta Arithmetica 120 (2005), 269-297.A. Kontorovich and J. Lagarias Stochastic Models for the 3x + 1 and 5x + 1 Problems, in The Ultimate Challenge: The 3x+1 Problem, AMS 2010.Tao, T. (2019). Almost all orbits of the Collatz map attain almost bounded values. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.03562. — https://ve42.co/Tao2019Conway, J. H. (1987). Fractran: A simple universal programming language for arithmetic. In Open problems in Communication and Computation (pp. 4-26). Springer, New York, NY. — https://ve42.co/Conway1987 ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Special thanks to Patreon supporters: Alvaro Naranjo, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Dumky, Mike Tung, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Ismail Öncü Usta, Paul Peijzel, Crated Comments, Anna, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, Oleksii Leonov, Jim Osmun, Tyson McDowell, Ludovic Robillard, Jim buckmaster, fanime96, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Joar Wandborg, Clayton Greenwell, Pindex, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Written by Derek Muller, Alex Kontorovich and Petr LebedevAnimation by Iván Tello, Jonny Hyman, Jesús Enrique Rascón and Mike RadjabovFilmed by Derek Muller and Emily ZhangEdited by Derek Muller SFX by Shaun CliffordAdditional video supplied by Getty Images Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev and Emily Zhang3d Coral by Vasilis Triantafyllou and Niklas Rosenstein — https://ve42.co/3DCoralCoral visualisation by Algoritmarte — https://ve42.co/Coral

Channel

Veritasium

Views

8.2M

The Simplest Math Problem No One Can Solve
#12Education

The Simplest Math Problem No One Can Solve

The Collatz Conjecture is the simplest math problem no one can solve — it is easy enough for almost anyone to understand but notoriously difficult to solve. This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via https://brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription.Special thanks to Prof. Alex Kontorovich for introducing us to this topic, filming the interview, and consulting on the script and earlier drafts of this video.▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ References:Lagarias, J. C. (2006). The 3x+ 1 problem: An annotated bibliography, II (2000-2009). arXiv preprint math/0608208. — https://ve42.co/Lagarias2006Lagarias, J. C. (2003). The 3x+ 1 problem: An annotated bibliography (1963–1999). The ultimate challenge: the 3x, 1, 267-341. — https://ve42.co/Lagarias2003Tao, T (2020). The Notorious Collatz Conjecture — https://ve42.co/Tao2020A. Kontorovich and Y. Sinai, Structure Theorem for (d,g,h)-Maps, Bulletin of the Brazilian Mathematical Society, New Series 33(2), 2002, pp. 213-224.A. Kontorovich and S. Miller Benford's Law, values of L-functions and the 3x+1 Problem, Acta Arithmetica 120 (2005), 269-297.A. Kontorovich and J. Lagarias Stochastic Models for the 3x + 1 and 5x + 1 Problems, in The Ultimate Challenge: The 3x+1 Problem, AMS 2010.Tao, T. (2019). Almost all orbits of the Collatz map attain almost bounded values. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.03562. — https://ve42.co/Tao2019Conway, J. H. (1987). Fractran: A simple universal programming language for arithmetic. In Open problems in Communication and Computation (pp. 4-26). Springer, New York, NY. — https://ve42.co/Conway1987 ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Special thanks to Patreon supporters: Alvaro Naranjo, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Dumky, Mike Tung, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Ismail Öncü Usta, Paul Peijzel, Crated Comments, Anna, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, Oleksii Leonov, Jim Osmun, Tyson McDowell, Ludovic Robillard, Jim buckmaster, fanime96, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Joar Wandborg, Clayton Greenwell, Pindex, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Written by Derek Muller, Alex Kontorovich and Petr LebedevAnimation by Iván Tello, Jonny Hyman, Jesús Enrique Rascón and Mike RadjabovFilmed by Derek Muller and Emily ZhangEdited by Derek Muller SFX by Shaun CliffordAdditional video supplied by Getty Images Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev and Emily Zhang3d Coral by Vasilis Triantafyllou and Niklas Rosenstein — https://ve42.co/3DCoralCoral visualisation by Algoritmarte — https://ve42.co/Coral

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Veritasium

Views

8.2M

The Universe is Hostile to Computers
#13Education

The Universe is Hostile to Computers

Tiny particles from distant galaxies have caused plane accidents, election interference and game glitches. This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via https://brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription.This video was inspired by the RadioLab Podcast Bit Flip https://ve42.co/BF -- they're brilliant science storytellers.A Huge thanks to Dr Leif Scheick, Calla Cofield and the JPL Media Relations Team.Thanks to Col Chris Hadfield. Check out his book: https://chrishadfield.ca/books/▀▀▀References:J. F. Ziegler, Terrestrial cosmic rays, in IBM Journal of Research and Development, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 19-39, Jan. 1996, doi: 10.1147/rd.401.0019. -- https://ve42.co/Ziegler1996D. Binder, E. C. Smith and A. B. Holman, Satellite Anomalies from Galactic Cosmic Rays, in IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 2675-2680, Dec. 1975, doi: 10.1109/TNS.1975.4328188 https://ve42.co/Binder1975Ziegler, J. F., & Lanford, W. A. (1979). Effect of cosmic rays on computer memories. Science, 206(4420), 776-788 https://ve42.co/Ziegler1979Drury, L. O. C. (2012). Origin of cosmic rays. Astroparticle Physics, 39, 52-60. https://ve42.co/Drury2012Hess, V. (2018). On the observations of the penetrating radiation during seven balloon flights. arXiv preprint arXiv:1808.02927. --https://ve42.co/Hess2018Carlson, P., & De Angelis, A. (2011). Nationalism and internationalism in science: the case of the discovery of cosmic rays. The European Physical Journal H, 35(4), 309-329. -- https://ve42.co/Carlson2011Höeffgen, S. K., Metzger, S., & Steffens, M. (2020). Investigating the effects of cosmic rays on space electronics. Frontiers in Physics, 8, 318. -- https://ve42.co/Hoeffgen2020Edmonds, L. D., Barnes, C. E., & Scheick, L. Z. (2000). An introduction to space radiation effects on microelectronics. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. -- https://ve42.co/Edmonds2000NASA Mars 2020 website covering the specifications of the Perseverance Rover https://ve42.co/RoverBrainsAustralian Government Australian Transport Safety Bureau report on QF72 -- https://ve42.co/ASTBQantasAustralian Government Australian Transport Safety Bureau summary on QF72 --https://ve42.co/ASTBQantas2Great Blog post about QF72 -- https://ve42.co/DempseyQantasMichael Barr's report on the Toyota acceleration issue --https://ve42.co/Barr2015NASA's Report on Toyota -- https://ve42.co/NASAToyotaT. C. May and M. H. Woods, A New Physical Mechanism for Soft Errors in Dynamic Memories, 16th International Reliability Physics Symposium, 1978, pp. 33-40, doi: 10.1109/IRPS.1978.362815. --https://ve42.co/May1978P. M. O'Neill and G. D. Badhwar, Single event upsets for Space Shuttle flights of new general purpose computer memory devices, in IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1755-1764, Oct. 1994, doi: 10.1109/23.317386. -- https://ve42.co/ONeill1994Wikipedia about radiation hardening -- https://ve42.co/RadHardeningToward Monitoring Fault-Tolerant EmbeddedSystems (Extended Abstract) -- https://ve42.co/Goodloe2009Article about speed run -- https://ve42.co/BurttSpeedrunArticle about speed run -- https://ve42.co/BountySpeedrunArticle about redundant systems in spaceflight -- https://ve42.co/NASAComputersArticle about the PowerPC750 -- https://ve42.co/Wener-FlignerNASAFuglesang C, Narici L, Picozza P, Sannita WG. Phosphenes in low earth orbit: survey responses from 59 astronauts. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2006 Apr;77(4):449-52. PMID: 16676658. -- https://ve42.co/Fuglesang2006Good article about Cosmic Rays causing flashes -- https://ve42.co/AtkinsonEyeGood article about radiation resistance -- https://ve42.co/RoverResistanceSpecial thanks to Patreon supporters: Paul Peijzel, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Sam Lutfi, MJP, Gnare, Nick DiCandilo, Dave Kircher, Edward Larsen, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Dumky, Mike Tung, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Ismail Öncü Usta, Paul Peijzel, Crated Comments, Anna, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, Oleksii Leonov, Jim Osmun, Tyson McDowell, Ludovic Robillard, Jim buckmaster, fanime96, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Joar Wandborg, Clayton Greenwell, Pindex, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal Written by Derek Muller and Petr LebedevAnimation by Iván Tello, Mike Radjabov, Fabio Albertelli, Jakub Misiek and Charlie DaviesSFX by Shaun CliffordFilmed by Derek Muller, Raquel Nuno, and Emily ZhangEdited by Derek Muller and Petr LebedevSFX by Shaun CliffordAdditional video supplied by Getty ImagesRover Footage From NASA/JPL-CaltechQF72 footage from the Smithsonian channel https://youtu.be/H3q5S9PCoJASM64 footage from https://ve42.co/pannenkoek2012Music from Epidemic SoundProduced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev and Emily Zhang

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Veritasium

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7.7M

Extreme Cake Decoration Challenge | Food Challenge India | Hungry Birds
#14Education

Extreme Cake Decoration Challenge | Food Challenge India | Hungry Birds

Please guys show your love and support and do subscribe to our new channel .New video is live .New Video (Hungry Birds Inside) Link = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwpP5zOswbQFor Latest Updates of Our Life Please FollowInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/the_hungry_birds_official/Facebook = https://www.facebook.com/hungrybirds4 Cast=Sanket,Umesh,Priti,AkshadaEdited By=Saurabh SawantDOP = Bibin P CherianBackground Music By -Epidemic Sound#HungryBirds #CakeDecorationChallenge #ChallengeIndia

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Hungry Birds

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The Universe is Hostile to Computers
#15Education

The Universe is Hostile to Computers

Tiny particles from distant galaxies have caused plane accidents, election interference and game glitches. This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via https://brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription.This video was inspired by the RadioLab Podcast Bit Flip https://ve42.co/BF -- they're brilliant science storytellers.A Huge thanks to Dr Leif Scheick, Calla Cofield and the JPL Media Relations Team.Thanks to Col Chris Hadfield. Check out his book: https://chrishadfield.ca/books/▀▀▀References:J. F. Ziegler, Terrestrial cosmic rays, in IBM Journal of Research and Development, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 19-39, Jan. 1996, doi: 10.1147/rd.401.0019. -- https://ve42.co/Ziegler1996D. Binder, E. C. Smith and A. B. Holman, Satellite Anomalies from Galactic Cosmic Rays, in IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 2675-2680, Dec. 1975, doi: 10.1109/TNS.1975.4328188 https://ve42.co/Binder1975Ziegler, J. F., & Lanford, W. A. (1979). Effect of cosmic rays on computer memories. Science, 206(4420), 776-788 https://ve42.co/Ziegler1979Drury, L. O. C. (2012). Origin of cosmic rays. Astroparticle Physics, 39, 52-60. https://ve42.co/Drury2012Hess, V. (2018). On the observations of the penetrating radiation during seven balloon flights. arXiv preprint arXiv:1808.02927. --https://ve42.co/Hess2018Carlson, P., & De Angelis, A. (2011). Nationalism and internationalism in science: the case of the discovery of cosmic rays. The European Physical Journal H, 35(4), 309-329. -- https://ve42.co/Carlson2011Höeffgen, S. K., Metzger, S., & Steffens, M. (2020). Investigating the effects of cosmic rays on space electronics. Frontiers in Physics, 8, 318. -- https://ve42.co/Hoeffgen2020Edmonds, L. D., Barnes, C. E., & Scheick, L. Z. (2000). An introduction to space radiation effects on microelectronics. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. -- https://ve42.co/Edmonds2000NASA Mars 2020 website covering the specifications of the Perseverance Rover https://ve42.co/RoverBrainsAustralian Government Australian Transport Safety Bureau report on QF72 -- https://ve42.co/ASTBQantasAustralian Government Australian Transport Safety Bureau summary on QF72 --https://ve42.co/ASTBQantas2Great Blog post about QF72 -- https://ve42.co/DempseyQantasMichael Barr's report on the Toyota acceleration issue --https://ve42.co/Barr2015NASA's Report on Toyota -- https://ve42.co/NASAToyotaT. C. May and M. H. Woods, A New Physical Mechanism for Soft Errors in Dynamic Memories, 16th International Reliability Physics Symposium, 1978, pp. 33-40, doi: 10.1109/IRPS.1978.362815. --https://ve42.co/May1978P. M. O'Neill and G. D. Badhwar, Single event upsets for Space Shuttle flights of new general purpose computer memory devices, in IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1755-1764, Oct. 1994, doi: 10.1109/23.317386. -- https://ve42.co/ONeill1994Wikipedia about radiation hardening -- https://ve42.co/RadHardeningToward Monitoring Fault-Tolerant EmbeddedSystems (Extended Abstract) -- https://ve42.co/Goodloe2009Article about speed run -- https://ve42.co/BurttSpeedrunArticle about speed run -- https://ve42.co/BountySpeedrunArticle about redundant systems in spaceflight -- https://ve42.co/NASAComputersArticle about the PowerPC750 -- https://ve42.co/Wener-FlignerNASAFuglesang C, Narici L, Picozza P, Sannita WG. Phosphenes in low earth orbit: survey responses from 59 astronauts. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2006 Apr;77(4):449-52. PMID: 16676658. -- https://ve42.co/Fuglesang2006Good article about Cosmic Rays causing flashes -- https://ve42.co/AtkinsonEyeGood article about radiation resistance -- https://ve42.co/RoverResistanceSpecial thanks to Patreon supporters: Paul Peijzel, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Sam Lutfi, MJP, Gnare, Nick DiCandilo, Dave Kircher, Edward Larsen, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Dumky, Mike Tung, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Ismail Öncü Usta, Paul Peijzel, Crated Comments, Anna, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, Oleksii Leonov, Jim Osmun, Tyson McDowell, Ludovic Robillard, Jim buckmaster, fanime96, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Joar Wandborg, Clayton Greenwell, Pindex, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal Written by Derek Muller and Petr LebedevAnimation by Iván Tello, Mike Radjabov, Fabio Albertelli, Jakub Misiek and Charlie DaviesSFX by Shaun CliffordFilmed by Derek Muller, Raquel Nuno, and Emily ZhangEdited by Derek Muller and Petr LebedevSFX by Shaun CliffordAdditional video supplied by Getty ImagesRover Footage From NASA/JPL-CaltechQF72 footage from the Smithsonian channel https://youtu.be/H3q5S9PCoJASM64 footage from https://ve42.co/pannenkoek2012Music from Epidemic SoundProduced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev and Emily Zhang

Channel

Veritasium

Views

7.2M

The Universe is Hostile to Computers
#16Education

The Universe is Hostile to Computers

Tiny particles from distant galaxies have caused plane accidents, election interference and game glitches. This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via https://brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription.This video was inspired by the RadioLab Podcast Bit Flip https://ve42.co/BF -- they're brilliant science storytellers.A Huge thanks to Dr Leif Scheick, Calla Cofield and the JPL Media Relations Team.Thanks to Col Chris Hadfield. Check out his book: https://chrishadfield.ca/books/▀▀▀References:J. F. Ziegler, Terrestrial cosmic rays, in IBM Journal of Research and Development, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 19-39, Jan. 1996, doi: 10.1147/rd.401.0019. -- https://ve42.co/Ziegler1996D. Binder, E. C. Smith and A. B. Holman, Satellite Anomalies from Galactic Cosmic Rays, in IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 2675-2680, Dec. 1975, doi: 10.1109/TNS.1975.4328188 https://ve42.co/Binder1975Ziegler, J. F., & Lanford, W. A. (1979). Effect of cosmic rays on computer memories. Science, 206(4420), 776-788 https://ve42.co/Ziegler1979Drury, L. O. C. (2012). Origin of cosmic rays. Astroparticle Physics, 39, 52-60. https://ve42.co/Drury2012Hess, V. (2018). On the observations of the penetrating radiation during seven balloon flights. arXiv preprint arXiv:1808.02927. --https://ve42.co/Hess2018Carlson, P., & De Angelis, A. (2011). Nationalism and internationalism in science: the case of the discovery of cosmic rays. The European Physical Journal H, 35(4), 309-329. -- https://ve42.co/Carlson2011Höeffgen, S. K., Metzger, S., & Steffens, M. (2020). Investigating the effects of cosmic rays on space electronics. Frontiers in Physics, 8, 318. -- https://ve42.co/Hoeffgen2020Edmonds, L. D., Barnes, C. E., & Scheick, L. Z. (2000). An introduction to space radiation effects on microelectronics. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. -- https://ve42.co/Edmonds2000NASA Mars 2020 website covering the specifications of the Perseverance Rover https://ve42.co/RoverBrainsAustralian Government Australian Transport Safety Bureau report on QF72 -- https://ve42.co/ASTBQantasAustralian Government Australian Transport Safety Bureau summary on QF72 --https://ve42.co/ASTBQantas2Great Blog post about QF72 -- https://ve42.co/DempseyQantasMichael Barr's report on the Toyota acceleration issue --https://ve42.co/Barr2015NASA's Report on Toyota -- https://ve42.co/NASAToyotaT. C. May and M. H. Woods, A New Physical Mechanism for Soft Errors in Dynamic Memories, 16th International Reliability Physics Symposium, 1978, pp. 33-40, doi: 10.1109/IRPS.1978.362815. --https://ve42.co/May1978P. M. O'Neill and G. D. Badhwar, Single event upsets for Space Shuttle flights of new general purpose computer memory devices, in IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1755-1764, Oct. 1994, doi: 10.1109/23.317386. -- https://ve42.co/ONeill1994Wikipedia about radiation hardening -- https://ve42.co/RadHardeningToward Monitoring Fault-Tolerant EmbeddedSystems (Extended Abstract) -- https://ve42.co/Goodloe2009Article about speed run -- https://ve42.co/BurttSpeedrunArticle about speed run -- https://ve42.co/BountySpeedrunArticle about redundant systems in spaceflight -- https://ve42.co/NASAComputersArticle about the PowerPC750 -- https://ve42.co/Wener-FlignerNASAFuglesang C, Narici L, Picozza P, Sannita WG. Phosphenes in low earth orbit: survey responses from 59 astronauts. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2006 Apr;77(4):449-52. PMID: 16676658. -- https://ve42.co/Fuglesang2006Good article about Cosmic Rays causing flashes -- https://ve42.co/AtkinsonEyeGood article about radiation resistance -- https://ve42.co/RoverResistanceSpecial thanks to Patreon supporters: Paul Peijzel, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Sam Lutfi, MJP, Gnare, Nick DiCandilo, Dave Kircher, Edward Larsen, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Dumky, Mike Tung, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Ismail Öncü Usta, Paul Peijzel, Crated Comments, Anna, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, Oleksii Leonov, Jim Osmun, Tyson McDowell, Ludovic Robillard, Jim buckmaster, fanime96, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Joar Wandborg, Clayton Greenwell, Pindex, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal Written by Derek Muller and Petr LebedevAnimation by Iván Tello, Mike Radjabov, Fabio Albertelli, Jakub Misiek and Charlie DaviesSFX by Shaun CliffordFilmed by Derek Muller, Raquel Nuno, and Emily ZhangEdited by Derek Muller and Petr LebedevSFX by Shaun CliffordAdditional video supplied by Getty ImagesRover Footage From NASA/JPL-CaltechQF72 footage from the Smithsonian channel https://youtu.be/H3q5S9PCoJASM64 footage from https://ve42.co/pannenkoek2012Music from Epidemic SoundProduced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev and Emily Zhang

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Veritasium

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7.2M

...And We'll Do it Again
#17Education

...And We'll Do it Again

Sources & further reading:https://sites.google.com/view/sources-behindtheliesThis video is part of the TRESCA project to get more visit https://trescaproject.eu/This video was produced with funding received from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 872855. 🇪🇺Kurzgesagt is lying to you, in every video, even in this one. Because our videos distill very complex subjects into flashy ten minute videos and unfortunately, reality is, well, complicated. The question of how we deal with that, is central to what we do on this channel and something we think about a lot.OUR CHANNELS▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀German Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeDE Spanish Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeES HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US?▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us!Get Merch designed with ❤ https://kgs.link/shop Join the Patreon Bird Army 🐧 https://kgs.link/patreon DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Reddit: https://kgs.link/redditInstagram: https://kgs.link/instagramTwitter: https://kgs.link/twitterFacebook: https://kgs.link/facebookDiscord: https://kgs.link/discordNewsletter: https://kgs.link/newsletterOUR VOICE▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀The Kurzgesagt voice is from Steve Taylor: https://kgs.link/youtube-voiceOUR MUSIC ♬♪▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain:Spotify: https://kgs.link/music-spotifySoundcloud: https://kgs.link/music-soundcloudBandcamp: https://kgs.link/music-bandcampYoutube: https://kgs.link/music-youtubeFacebook: https://kgs.link/music-facebookThe Soundtrack of this video:Soundcloud: https://bit.ly/3lH5XCPBandcamp: https://bit.ly/3DyYAmVIf you want to help us caption this video, please send subtitles to subtitle@kurzgesagt.orgYou can find info on what subtitle files work on YouTube here:https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2734698?hl=en-GB&ref_topic=7296214Thank you!🐦🐧🐤 PATREON BIRD ARMY 🐤🐧🐦▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Many Thanks to our wonderful Patreons (from http://kgs.link/patreon) who support us every month and made this video possible:Ibrahim Khan, gibraltar, Farago Adam, Rico Meinl, Krego Kim, dove, Quentin Le Guennec, CompileNix, Kitty Kuran, Harry Smith, Marc, Nick Vest, Adrian Plummer, Daniel P, William Refsland, Ugur Doga Sezgin, Alexander Dinkelacker, Tk Price, Digital Curio, Splintercat, Mario Müller, Stanley Thompson-Thorn, Nicholas Thaera, Dan Pritts, Josh Lewis!, OffBeatBunny, Christopher Yanac, Leo Espinoza, Amocin, Emily, John Vo, N. A., Pascal Rappolt, Logan Baker, Naiche, Josh, Frederik Ebert, steve young, Ganael D, Kai, Thomas Torrissen, Andrew Weir, Victoria Dewey, Niza Mar, Rajeev Lachmipersad, John Sheffield, French Today (Camille), Kirill Vlasov, Kamito Kazaha, Adam Kurzrok, Kity Bird, Jordan Casley, Jan Pavelka, ADRIAN, Garrett Agard, Martin Etnestad Johansen, Fernanda Scovino, Sébastien Lescos, Krishen Seegobin, maylia 313, Steve Robinson, Xsitsu, jesse jones, Andrija Nenin, Pascal Newman, luixo, Zachary Stiggelbout, Brandon Wolf

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Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell

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6.8M

...And We'll Do it Again
#18Education

...And We'll Do it Again

Sources & further reading:https://sites.google.com/view/sources-behindtheliesThis video is part of the TRESCA project to get more visit https://trescaproject.eu/This video was produced with funding received from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 872855. 🇪🇺Kurzgesagt is lying to you, in every video, even in this one. Because our videos distill very complex subjects into flashy ten minute videos and unfortunately, reality is, well, complicated. The question of how we deal with that, is central to what we do on this channel and something we think about a lot.OUR CHANNELS▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀German Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeDE Spanish Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeES HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US?▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us!Get Merch designed with ❤ https://kgs.link/shop Join the Patreon Bird Army 🐧 https://kgs.link/patreon DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Reddit: https://kgs.link/redditInstagram: https://kgs.link/instagramTwitter: https://kgs.link/twitterFacebook: https://kgs.link/facebookDiscord: https://kgs.link/discordNewsletter: https://kgs.link/newsletterOUR VOICE▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀The Kurzgesagt voice is from Steve Taylor: https://kgs.link/youtube-voiceOUR MUSIC ♬♪▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain:Spotify: https://kgs.link/music-spotifySoundcloud: https://kgs.link/music-soundcloudBandcamp: https://kgs.link/music-bandcampYoutube: https://kgs.link/music-youtubeFacebook: https://kgs.link/music-facebookThe Soundtrack of this video:Soundcloud: https://bit.ly/3lH5XCPBandcamp: https://bit.ly/3DyYAmVIf you want to help us caption this video, please send subtitles to subtitle@kurzgesagt.orgYou can find info on what subtitle files work on YouTube here:https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2734698?hl=en-GB&ref_topic=7296214Thank you!🐦🐧🐤 PATREON BIRD ARMY 🐤🐧🐦▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Many Thanks to our wonderful Patreons (from http://kgs.link/patreon) who support us every month and made this video possible:Ibrahim Khan, gibraltar, Farago Adam, Rico Meinl, Krego Kim, dove, Quentin Le Guennec, CompileNix, Kitty Kuran, Harry Smith, Marc, Nick Vest, Adrian Plummer, Daniel P, William Refsland, Ugur Doga Sezgin, Alexander Dinkelacker, Tk Price, Digital Curio, Splintercat, Mario Müller, Stanley Thompson-Thorn, Nicholas Thaera, Dan Pritts, Josh Lewis!, OffBeatBunny, Christopher Yanac, Leo Espinoza, Amocin, Emily, John Vo, N. A., Pascal Rappolt, Logan Baker, Naiche, Josh, Frederik Ebert, steve young, Ganael D, Kai, Thomas Torrissen, Andrew Weir, Victoria Dewey, Niza Mar, Rajeev Lachmipersad, John Sheffield, French Today (Camille), Kirill Vlasov, Kamito Kazaha, Adam Kurzrok, Kity Bird, Jordan Casley, Jan Pavelka, ADRIAN, Garrett Agard, Martin Etnestad Johansen, Fernanda Scovino, Sébastien Lescos, Krishen Seegobin, maylia 313, Steve Robinson, Xsitsu, jesse jones, Andrija Nenin, Pascal Newman, luixo, Zachary Stiggelbout, Brandon Wolf

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The Simplest Math Problem No One Can Solve
#19Education

The Simplest Math Problem No One Can Solve

The Collatz Conjecture is the simplest math problem no one can solve — it is easy enough for almost anyone to understand but notoriously difficult to solve. This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via https://brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription.Special thanks to Prof. Alex Kontorovich for introducing us to this topic, filming the interview, and consulting on the script and earlier drafts of this video.▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ References:Lagarias, J. C. (2006). The 3x+ 1 problem: An annotated bibliography, II (2000-2009). arXiv preprint math/0608208. — https://ve42.co/Lagarias2006Lagarias, J. C. (2003). The 3x+ 1 problem: An annotated bibliography (1963–1999). The ultimate challenge: the 3x, 1, 267-341. — https://ve42.co/Lagarias2003Tao, T (2020). The Notorious Collatz Conjecture — https://ve42.co/Tao2020A. Kontorovich and Y. Sinai, Structure Theorem for (d,g,h)-Maps, Bulletin of the Brazilian Mathematical Society, New Series 33(2), 2002, pp. 213-224.A. Kontorovich and S. Miller Benford's Law, values of L-functions and the 3x+1 Problem, Acta Arithmetica 120 (2005), 269-297.A. Kontorovich and J. Lagarias Stochastic Models for the 3x + 1 and 5x + 1 Problems, in The Ultimate Challenge: The 3x+1 Problem, AMS 2010.Tao, T. (2019). Almost all orbits of the Collatz map attain almost bounded values. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.03562. — https://ve42.co/Tao2019Conway, J. H. (1987). Fractran: A simple universal programming language for arithmetic. In Open problems in Communication and Computation (pp. 4-26). Springer, New York, NY. — https://ve42.co/Conway1987 ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Special thanks to Patreon supporters: Alvaro Naranjo, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Dumky, Mike Tung, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Ismail Öncü Usta, Paul Peijzel, Crated Comments, Anna, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, Oleksii Leonov, Jim Osmun, Tyson McDowell, Ludovic Robillard, Jim buckmaster, fanime96, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Joar Wandborg, Clayton Greenwell, Pindex, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Written by Derek Muller, Alex Kontorovich and Petr LebedevAnimation by Iván Tello, Jonny Hyman, Jesús Enrique Rascón and Mike RadjabovFilmed by Derek Muller and Emily ZhangEdited by Derek Muller SFX by Shaun CliffordAdditional video supplied by Getty Images Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev and Emily Zhang3d Coral by Vasilis Triantafyllou and Niklas Rosenstein — https://ve42.co/3DCoralCoral visualisation by Algoritmarte — https://ve42.co/Coral

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Can YOU Fix Climate Change?
#20Education

Can YOU Fix Climate Change?

This video was supported by Gates Notes, the personal blog of Bill Gates, where he writes about global health, climate change, and more. Check out it out to learn more about ways the world can work together to reach zero greenhouse gas emissions:https://www.gatesnotes.com/Climate-and-energy?WT.mc_id=2021_ClimateCtr2021_CTRKurt-YT_&WT.tsrc=CTRKurtYTTo get some background on how we deal with sponsorships please read this blog post:https://medium.com/@Kurzgesagt/kurzgesagt-sponsorships-on-youtube-3121a45b0fe9Sources & further reading:https://sites.google.com/view/sources-climate-how/Never before in human history have we been richer, more advanced or powerful. And yet we feel overwhelmed in the face of rapid climate change. It seems simple on the surface. Greenhouse gases trap energy from the Sun and transfer it to our atmosphere. This leads to warmer winters, harsher summers. Dry places become drier and wet places wetter. Countless ecosystems will die while the rising oceans swallow coasts and the cities we build on them. So why don’t we just like… prevent all of that? Well, it’s complicated. OUR CHANNELS▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀German Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeDE Spanish Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeES HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US?▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us!Get Merch designed with ❤ https://kgs.link/shop Join the Patreon Bird Army 🐧 https://kgs.link/patreon DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Reddit: https://kgs.link/redditInstagram: https://kgs.link/instagramTwitter: https://kgs.link/twitterFacebook: https://kgs.link/facebookDiscord: https://kgs.link/discordNewsletter: https://kgs.link/newsletterOUR VOICE▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀The Kurzgesagt voice is from Steve Taylor: https://kgs.link/youtube-voiceOUR MUSIC ♬♪▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain:Spotify: https://kgs.link/music-spotifySoundcloud: https://kgs.link/music-soundcloudBandcamp: https://kgs.link/music-bandcampYoutube: https://kgs.link/music-youtubeFacebook: https://kgs.link/music-facebookThe Soundtrack of this video:Nuclear Death Toll:Soundcloud: https://bit.ly/2W2g9fnBandcamp: https://bit.ly/3krkW3nClimate DoomSoundcloud: https://bit.ly/2XQFcmDBandcamp: https://bit.ly/3hWCfrtClimate Change:Soundcloud: https://bit.ly/3o2jdUBBandcamp: https://bit.ly/3lTUSh4If you want to help us caption this video, please send subtitles to subtitle@kurzgesagt.orgYou can find info on what subtitle files work on YouTube here:https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2734698?hl=en-GB&ref_topic=7296214Thank you!🐦🐧🐤 PATREON BIRD ARMY 🐤🐧🐦▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Many Thanks to our wonderful Patreons (from http://kgs.link/patreon) who support us every month and made this video possible:MrXPotato, Pete Stoppani, Kyona Jarrett, Rey, Patsch, eSyr, Csaba Vajai, Phantom Foreskin, Willis Scothorn, William Pyburn, Amdla Chadwick, Nguyễn Thái Minh, Joan Oliveras Torra, Oivind, Juniper, Amallama, Serge-Eric Tremblay, Saul, Doctor Beer, 何智超, Beanslinger2, Friso Sikkema, Guntard, Kim Allen, Bianca Rosner, Vladimir Smykalov, KaTech, Alex, Kenneth Smith, Jason Azarpay, Karin Busby, christina yessaian, TehWeezle, timo, Colin Christopher, DIOMEDES ABCMNXYZ, Greg Schein, Partho P. Das, Olivier Maigniez, Steffan R., Jesse Newsome, Nikolas Anctil, Timothy James Fritz, Matrisku Boldivan, Ethan Hernandez, Ignimbrite Tuff, Dragonisser, Albert Mark, A, Vivek Narsimha Dondeti, Dimitri Averboukh, DJ 0zymandias, Leewyn Jacobs, John Allemang, RoboPhred, meat man, DRHAKE, Yohan Lee, Mecenate, Héctor Díaz, Steven Giallourakis, Dylan Savosnick, jamx2, Ben C, Kevin Finni, Tom Timmerman, ConfettiBoxer, Ivan, Elliot Moore, Nym Moondown, Fredrik Dreyer, LeqKsi, Ruchira Ramachandra, Martin Kristjansen, Bruce Welch, Talon Gutierrez, Alexander de Weese, Christopher Dasenbrock, Alexis White, Gadjiz Goblin, Megs, Kevin Winoto, WernO, Erik O., CyberValkyrie, Chad McHenry, António Lima, Ruth Korwel, Matthew Korwel, Anibal Gomez, Paul Gaffey, Mayank Singh, nate dolan, Beert, Bernadette Eve, jveezy, Frederik Polachowski, Felix the Cat, Surya Avala, Ewan Cassidy, Stefanie Saw, David Hayes, Hayden Christensen, Tealer, Luiz Vieira Pinto Neto, Mykola Ohoiko, Grey_Matter, Tomasz Paź, Joshuah hinojosa, Rob OBrien, Gavin H, Nico Latzel, Berbnote, Klara C.

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