education for United KingdomArchive 2021

#1Education

This Virus Shouldn't Exist (But it Does)

To get a fresh perspective on math and science, go to https://brilliant.org/Nutshell/ and sign up free. And there’s an extra perk for Kurzgesagt viewers: the first 200 people to use the link get 20% off their annual membership, which gives you access to every course in Brilliant's catalog. Thanks to our friends from Brilliant for supporting this channel.Sources & further reading:https://sites.google.com/view/sources-girus/Hidden in the microverse all around you, there is a merciless war being fought by the true rulers of this planet, microorganisms. Amoebae, protists, bacteria, archaea and fungi compete for resources and space. And then there are the strange horrors that are viruses, hunting everyone else. Not even being alive, they are the tiniest, most abundant and deadliest beings on earth, killing trillions every day. Not interested in resources, only in living things to take over. Or so we thought. It turns out that there are giant viruses that blur the line between life and death – and other viruses hunting them.OUR CHANNELS▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀German Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeDE Spanish Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeES HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US?▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us!Get Merch designed with ❤ https://kgs.link/shop Join the Patreon Bird Army 🐧 https://kgs.link/patreon DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Reddit: https://kgs.link/redditInstagram: https://kgs.link/instagramTwitter: https://kgs.link/twitterFacebook: https://kgs.link/facebookDiscord: https://kgs.link/discordNewsletter: https://kgs.link/newsletterOUR VOICE▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀The Kurzgesagt voice is from Steve Taylor: https://kgs.link/youtube-voiceOUR MUSIC ♬♪▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain:Spotify: https://kgs.link/music-spotifySoundcloud: https://kgs.link/music-soundcloudBandcamp: https://kgs.link/music-bandcampYoutube: https://kgs.link/music-youtubeFacebook: https://kgs.link/music-facebookThe Soundtrack of this video:Soundcloud: https://bit.ly/3jmCXiRBandcamp https://bit.ly/3yh7Tp3If you want to help us caption this video, please send subtitles to subtitle@kurzgesagt.orgYou can find info on what subtitle files work on YouTube here:https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2734698?hl=en-GB&ref_topic=7296214Thank you!🐦🐧🐤 PATREON BIRD ARMY 🐤🐧🐦▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Many Thanks to our wonderful Patreons (from http://kgs.link/patreon) who support us every month and made this video possible:BBumbrazz, Sir Harry Farr, Abigail von Kelsch, Szabolcs Dombi, Conner Wilson, Enoch, Moody Bastard, Diego Marcheselli, Paxton LaRiviere, Richard Hagen, Robin Harn, Izzy Crow, Kristy Evangelista, Michael Baker, Tuna The Fish, @charlievankamp, Calvin Black, Justin Fisher, Jan Hübler, Anshul Choudhry, garshtoshteles, Mark Moses, Mau Magaña, seasar2000, Toda, newline, Matt, schubadu, Slumperd, Cracker, Josh Carpenter, Benedikt S., Jeti, Kevin Williams, Enrique Mejia, Juan Carlos Coto Sanchez, Paulmega, Jasmeet Singh, Austin Daily, Andrew Bourgeois, Andrew Dawson, Fin Brewin, Graesha Lizardo, Hagen, Diogo Moreno, Madeline McKinnon, akshay niranjan, The Entity, sontino catalano, Aubrey Temple, Terone, Oleksandr Bolgarov, Jacob Bell, Kyle Harmse, Henry Angulo, Luka Dulčić, mors741, Billyboots75, Joe Bedell, Merasmus 2.0, jimmy davies, PBYuki-Onna, Billy Z Duke

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#2Education

The Largest Black Hole in the Universe - Size Comparison

The Black Hole story continues with our Black Hole merch, spanning the whole range from somewhat bonkers to more serious. Check it out here: https://kgs.link/shopSources & further reading:https://sites.google.com/view/sources-largest-black-hole/The largest things in the universe are black holes. In contrast to things like planets or stars they have no physical size limit, and can literally grow endlessly. Although in reality specific things need to happen to create different kinds of black holes, from really tiny ones to the largest single things in the universe. So how do black holes grow and how large is the largest of them all? OUR CHANNELS▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀German Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeDE Spanish Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeES HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US?▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us!Get Merch designed with ❤ https://kgs.link/shop Join the Patreon Bird Army 🐧 https://kgs.link/patreon DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Reddit: https://kgs.link/redditInstagram: https://kgs.link/instagramTwitter: https://kgs.link/twitterFacebook: https://kgs.link/facebookDiscord: https://kgs.link/discordNewsletter: https://kgs.link/newsletterOUR VOICE▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀The Kurzgesagt voice is from Steve Taylor: https://kgs.link/youtube-voiceOUR MUSIC ♬♪▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain:Spotify: https://kgs.link/music-spotifySoundcloud: https://kgs.link/music-soundcloudBandcamp: https://kgs.link/music-bandcampYoutube: https://kgs.link/music-youtubeFacebook: https://kgs.link/music-facebookThe Soundtrack of this video:Soundcloud: https://bit.ly/3yaqWSrBandcamp: https://bit.ly/2TEHjb9If you want to help us caption this video, please send subtitles to subtitle@kurzgesagt.orgYou can find info on what subtitle files work on YouTube here:https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2734698?hl=en-GB&ref_topic=7296214Thank you!🐦🐧🐤 PATREON BIRD ARMY 🐤🐧🐦▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Many Thanks to our wonderful Patreons (from http://kgs.link/patreon) who support us every month and made this video possible:BBumbrazz, Sir Harry Farr, Abigail von Kelsch, Szabolcs Dombi, Conner Wilson, Enoch, Moody Bastard, Diego Marcheselli, Paxton LaRiviere, Richard Hagen, Robin Harn, Izzy Crow, Kristy Evangelista, Michael Baker, Tuna The Fish, @charlievankamp, Calvin Black, Justin Fisher, Jan Hübler, Anshul Choudhry, garshtoshteles, Mark Moses, Mau Magaña, seasar2000, Toda, newline, Matt, schubadu, Slumperd, Cracker, Josh Carpenter, Benedikt S., Jeti, Kevin Williams, Enrique Mejia, Juan Carlos Coto Sanchez, Paulmega, Jasmeet Singh, Austin Daily, Andrew Bourgeois, Andrew Dawson, Fin Brewin, Graesha Lizardo, Hagen, Diogo Moreno, Madeline McKinnon, akshay niranjan, The Entity, sontino catalano, Aubrey Temple, Terone, Oleksandr Bolgarov, Jacob Bell, Kyle Harmse, Henry Angulo, Luka Dulčić, mors741, Billyboots75, Joe Bedell, Merasmus 2.0, jimmy davies, PBYuki-Onna, Billy Z Duke

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#3Education

The Simplest Math Problem No One Can Solve

The Collatz Conjecture is the simplest math problem no one can solve — it is easy enough for almost anyone to understand but notoriously difficult to solve. This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via https://brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription.Special thanks to Prof. Alex Kontorovich for introducing us to this topic, filming the interview, and consulting on the script and earlier drafts of this video.▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ References:Lagarias, J. C. (2006). The 3x+ 1 problem: An annotated bibliography, II (2000-2009). arXiv preprint math/0608208. — https://ve42.co/Lagarias2006Lagarias, J. C. (2003). The 3x+ 1 problem: An annotated bibliography (1963–1999). The ultimate challenge: the 3x, 1, 267-341. — https://ve42.co/Lagarias2003Tao, T (2020). The Notorious Collatz Conjecture — https://ve42.co/Tao2020A. Kontorovich and Y. Sinai, Structure Theorem for (d,g,h)-Maps, Bulletin of the Brazilian Mathematical Society, New Series 33(2), 2002, pp. 213-224.A. Kontorovich and S. Miller Benford's Law, values of L-functions and the 3x+1 Problem, Acta Arithmetica 120 (2005), 269-297.A. Kontorovich and J. Lagarias Stochastic Models for the 3x + 1 and 5x + 1 Problems, in The Ultimate Challenge: The 3x+1 Problem, AMS 2010.Tao, T. (2019). Almost all orbits of the Collatz map attain almost bounded values. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.03562. — https://ve42.co/Tao2019Conway, J. H. (1987). Fractran: A simple universal programming language for arithmetic. In Open problems in Communication and Computation (pp. 4-26). Springer, New York, NY. — https://ve42.co/Conway1987 ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Special thanks to Patreon supporters: Alvaro Naranjo, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Dumky, Mike Tung, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Ismail Öncü Usta, Paul Peijzel, Crated Comments, Anna, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, Oleksii Leonov, Jim Osmun, Tyson McDowell, Ludovic Robillard, Jim buckmaster, fanime96, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Joar Wandborg, Clayton Greenwell, Pindex, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Written by Derek Muller, Alex Kontorovich and Petr LebedevAnimation by Iván Tello, Jonny Hyman, Jesús Enrique Rascón and Mike RadjabovFilmed by Derek Muller and Emily ZhangEdited by Derek Muller SFX by Shaun CliffordAdditional video supplied by Getty Images Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev and Emily Zhang3d Coral by Vasilis Triantafyllou and Niklas Rosenstein — https://ve42.co/3DCoralCoral visualisation by Algoritmarte — https://ve42.co/Coral

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#4Education

The Universe is Hostile to Computers

Tiny particles from distant galaxies have caused plane accidents, election interference and game glitches. This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via https://brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription.This video was inspired by the RadioLab Podcast Bit Flip https://ve42.co/BF -- they're brilliant science storytellers.A Huge thanks to Dr Leif Scheick, Calla Cofield and the JPL Media Relations Team.Thanks to Col Chris Hadfield. Check out his book: https://chrishadfield.ca/books/▀▀▀References:J. F. Ziegler, Terrestrial cosmic rays, in IBM Journal of Research and Development, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 19-39, Jan. 1996, doi: 10.1147/rd.401.0019. -- https://ve42.co/Ziegler1996D. Binder, E. C. Smith and A. B. Holman, Satellite Anomalies from Galactic Cosmic Rays, in IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 2675-2680, Dec. 1975, doi: 10.1109/TNS.1975.4328188 https://ve42.co/Binder1975Ziegler, J. F., & Lanford, W. A. (1979). Effect of cosmic rays on computer memories. Science, 206(4420), 776-788 https://ve42.co/Ziegler1979Drury, L. O. C. (2012). Origin of cosmic rays. Astroparticle Physics, 39, 52-60. https://ve42.co/Drury2012Hess, V. (2018). On the observations of the penetrating radiation during seven balloon flights. arXiv preprint arXiv:1808.02927. --https://ve42.co/Hess2018Carlson, P., & De Angelis, A. (2011). Nationalism and internationalism in science: the case of the discovery of cosmic rays. The European Physical Journal H, 35(4), 309-329. -- https://ve42.co/Carlson2011Höeffgen, S. K., Metzger, S., & Steffens, M. (2020). Investigating the effects of cosmic rays on space electronics. Frontiers in Physics, 8, 318. -- https://ve42.co/Hoeffgen2020Edmonds, L. D., Barnes, C. E., & Scheick, L. Z. (2000). An introduction to space radiation effects on microelectronics. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. -- https://ve42.co/Edmonds2000NASA Mars 2020 website covering the specifications of the Perseverance Rover https://ve42.co/RoverBrainsAustralian Government Australian Transport Safety Bureau report on QF72 -- https://ve42.co/ASTBQantasAustralian Government Australian Transport Safety Bureau summary on QF72 --https://ve42.co/ASTBQantas2Great Blog post about QF72 -- https://ve42.co/DempseyQantasMichael Barr's report on the Toyota acceleration issue --https://ve42.co/Barr2015NASA's Report on Toyota -- https://ve42.co/NASAToyotaT. C. May and M. H. Woods, A New Physical Mechanism for Soft Errors in Dynamic Memories, 16th International Reliability Physics Symposium, 1978, pp. 33-40, doi: 10.1109/IRPS.1978.362815. --https://ve42.co/May1978P. M. O'Neill and G. D. Badhwar, Single event upsets for Space Shuttle flights of new general purpose computer memory devices, in IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1755-1764, Oct. 1994, doi: 10.1109/23.317386. -- https://ve42.co/ONeill1994Wikipedia about radiation hardening -- https://ve42.co/RadHardeningToward Monitoring Fault-Tolerant EmbeddedSystems (Extended Abstract) -- https://ve42.co/Goodloe2009Article about speed run -- https://ve42.co/BurttSpeedrunArticle about speed run -- https://ve42.co/BountySpeedrunArticle about redundant systems in spaceflight -- https://ve42.co/NASAComputersArticle about the PowerPC750 -- https://ve42.co/Wener-FlignerNASAFuglesang C, Narici L, Picozza P, Sannita WG. Phosphenes in low earth orbit: survey responses from 59 astronauts. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2006 Apr;77(4):449-52. PMID: 16676658. -- https://ve42.co/Fuglesang2006Good article about Cosmic Rays causing flashes -- https://ve42.co/AtkinsonEyeGood article about radiation resistance -- https://ve42.co/RoverResistanceSpecial thanks to Patreon supporters: Paul Peijzel, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Sam Lutfi, MJP, Gnare, Nick DiCandilo, Dave Kircher, Edward Larsen, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Dumky, Mike Tung, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Ismail Öncü Usta, Paul Peijzel, Crated Comments, Anna, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, Oleksii Leonov, Jim Osmun, Tyson McDowell, Ludovic Robillard, Jim buckmaster, fanime96, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Joar Wandborg, Clayton Greenwell, Pindex, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal Written by Derek Muller and Petr LebedevAnimation by Iván Tello, Mike Radjabov, Fabio Albertelli, Jakub Misiek and Charlie DaviesSFX by Shaun CliffordFilmed by Derek Muller, Raquel Nuno, and Emily ZhangEdited by Derek Muller and Petr LebedevSFX by Shaun CliffordAdditional video supplied by Getty ImagesRover Footage From NASA/JPL-CaltechQF72 footage from the Smithsonian channel https://youtu.be/H3q5S9PCoJASM64 footage from https://ve42.co/pannenkoek2012Music from Epidemic SoundProduced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev and Emily Zhang

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#5Education

...And We'll Do it Again

Sources & further reading:https://sites.google.com/view/sources-behindtheliesThis video is part of the TRESCA project to get more visit https://trescaproject.eu/This video was produced with funding received from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 872855. 🇪🇺Kurzgesagt is lying to you, in every video, even in this one. Because our videos distill very complex subjects into flashy ten minute videos and unfortunately, reality is, well, complicated. The question of how we deal with that, is central to what we do on this channel and something we think about a lot.OUR CHANNELS▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀German Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeDE Spanish Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeES HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US?▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us!Get Merch designed with ❤ https://kgs.link/shop Join the Patreon Bird Army 🐧 https://kgs.link/patreon DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Reddit: https://kgs.link/redditInstagram: https://kgs.link/instagramTwitter: https://kgs.link/twitterFacebook: https://kgs.link/facebookDiscord: https://kgs.link/discordNewsletter: https://kgs.link/newsletterOUR VOICE▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀The Kurzgesagt voice is from Steve Taylor: https://kgs.link/youtube-voiceOUR MUSIC ♬♪▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain:Spotify: https://kgs.link/music-spotifySoundcloud: https://kgs.link/music-soundcloudBandcamp: https://kgs.link/music-bandcampYoutube: https://kgs.link/music-youtubeFacebook: https://kgs.link/music-facebookThe Soundtrack of this video:Soundcloud: https://bit.ly/3lH5XCPBandcamp: https://bit.ly/3DyYAmVIf you want to help us caption this video, please send subtitles to subtitle@kurzgesagt.orgYou can find info on what subtitle files work on YouTube here:https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2734698?hl=en-GB&ref_topic=7296214Thank you!🐦🐧🐤 PATREON BIRD ARMY 🐤🐧🐦▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Many Thanks to our wonderful Patreons (from http://kgs.link/patreon) who support us every month and made this video possible:Ibrahim Khan, gibraltar, Farago Adam, Rico Meinl, Krego Kim, dove, Quentin Le Guennec, CompileNix, Kitty Kuran, Harry Smith, Marc, Nick Vest, Adrian Plummer, Daniel P, William Refsland, Ugur Doga Sezgin, Alexander Dinkelacker, Tk Price, Digital Curio, Splintercat, Mario Müller, Stanley Thompson-Thorn, Nicholas Thaera, Dan Pritts, Josh Lewis!, OffBeatBunny, Christopher Yanac, Leo Espinoza, Amocin, Emily, John Vo, N. A., Pascal Rappolt, Logan Baker, Naiche, Josh, Frederik Ebert, steve young, Ganael D, Kai, Thomas Torrissen, Andrew Weir, Victoria Dewey, Niza Mar, Rajeev Lachmipersad, John Sheffield, French Today (Camille), Kirill Vlasov, Kamito Kazaha, Adam Kurzrok, Kity Bird, Jordan Casley, Jan Pavelka, ADRIAN, Garrett Agard, Martin Etnestad Johansen, Fernanda Scovino, Sébastien Lescos, Krishen Seegobin, maylia 313, Steve Robinson, Xsitsu, jesse jones, Andrija Nenin, Pascal Newman, luixo, Zachary Stiggelbout, Brandon Wolf

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#6Education

Can YOU Fix Climate Change?

This video was supported by Gates Notes, the personal blog of Bill Gates, where he writes about global health, climate change, and more. Check out it out to learn more about ways the world can work together to reach zero greenhouse gas emissions:https://www.gatesnotes.com/Climate-and-energy?WT.mc_id=2021_ClimateCtr2021_CTRKurt-YT_&WT.tsrc=CTRKurtYTTo get some background on how we deal with sponsorships please read this blog post:https://medium.com/@Kurzgesagt/kurzgesagt-sponsorships-on-youtube-3121a45b0fe9Sources & further reading:https://sites.google.com/view/sources-climate-how/Never before in human history have we been richer, more advanced or powerful. And yet we feel overwhelmed in the face of rapid climate change. It seems simple on the surface. Greenhouse gases trap energy from the Sun and transfer it to our atmosphere. This leads to warmer winters, harsher summers. Dry places become drier and wet places wetter. Countless ecosystems will die while the rising oceans swallow coasts and the cities we build on them. So why don’t we just like… prevent all of that? Well, it’s complicated. OUR CHANNELS▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀German Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeDE Spanish Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeES HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US?▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us!Get Merch designed with ❤ https://kgs.link/shop Join the Patreon Bird Army 🐧 https://kgs.link/patreon DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Reddit: https://kgs.link/redditInstagram: https://kgs.link/instagramTwitter: https://kgs.link/twitterFacebook: https://kgs.link/facebookDiscord: https://kgs.link/discordNewsletter: https://kgs.link/newsletterOUR VOICE▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀The Kurzgesagt voice is from Steve Taylor: https://kgs.link/youtube-voiceOUR MUSIC ♬♪▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain:Spotify: https://kgs.link/music-spotifySoundcloud: https://kgs.link/music-soundcloudBandcamp: https://kgs.link/music-bandcampYoutube: https://kgs.link/music-youtubeFacebook: https://kgs.link/music-facebookThe Soundtrack of this video:Nuclear Death Toll:Soundcloud: https://bit.ly/2W2g9fnBandcamp: https://bit.ly/3krkW3nClimate DoomSoundcloud: https://bit.ly/2XQFcmDBandcamp: https://bit.ly/3hWCfrtClimate Change:Soundcloud: https://bit.ly/3o2jdUBBandcamp: https://bit.ly/3lTUSh4If you want to help us caption this video, please send subtitles to subtitle@kurzgesagt.orgYou can find info on what subtitle files work on YouTube here:https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2734698?hl=en-GB&ref_topic=7296214Thank you!🐦🐧🐤 PATREON BIRD ARMY 🐤🐧🐦▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Many Thanks to our wonderful Patreons (from http://kgs.link/patreon) who support us every month and made this video possible:MrXPotato, Pete Stoppani, Kyona Jarrett, Rey, Patsch, eSyr, Csaba Vajai, Phantom Foreskin, Willis Scothorn, William Pyburn, Amdla Chadwick, Nguyễn Thái Minh, Joan Oliveras Torra, Oivind, Juniper, Amallama, Serge-Eric Tremblay, Saul, Doctor Beer, 何智超, Beanslinger2, Friso Sikkema, Guntard, Kim Allen, Bianca Rosner, Vladimir Smykalov, KaTech, Alex, Kenneth Smith, Jason Azarpay, Karin Busby, christina yessaian, TehWeezle, timo, Colin Christopher, DIOMEDES ABCMNXYZ, Greg Schein, Partho P. Das, Olivier Maigniez, Steffan R., Jesse Newsome, Nikolas Anctil, Timothy James Fritz, Matrisku Boldivan, Ethan Hernandez, Ignimbrite Tuff, Dragonisser, Albert Mark, A, Vivek Narsimha Dondeti, Dimitri Averboukh, DJ 0zymandias, Leewyn Jacobs, John Allemang, RoboPhred, meat man, DRHAKE, Yohan Lee, Mecenate, Héctor Díaz, Steven Giallourakis, Dylan Savosnick, jamx2, Ben C, Kevin Finni, Tom Timmerman, ConfettiBoxer, Ivan, Elliot Moore, Nym Moondown, Fredrik Dreyer, LeqKsi, Ruchira Ramachandra, Martin Kristjansen, Bruce Welch, Talon Gutierrez, Alexander de Weese, Christopher Dasenbrock, Alexis White, Gadjiz Goblin, Megs, Kevin Winoto, WernO, Erik O., CyberValkyrie, Chad McHenry, António Lima, Ruth Korwel, Matthew Korwel, Anibal Gomez, Paul Gaffey, Mayank Singh, nate dolan, Beert, Bernadette Eve, jveezy, Frederik Polachowski, Felix the Cat, Surya Avala, Ewan Cassidy, Stefanie Saw, David Hayes, Hayden Christensen, Tealer, Luiz Vieira Pinto Neto, Mykola Ohoiko, Grey_Matter, Tomasz Paź, Joshuah hinojosa, Rob OBrien, Gavin H, Nico Latzel, Berbnote, Klara C.

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#7Education

Why We Should NOT Look For Aliens - The Dark Forest

Getting something from the kurzgesagt shop is the best way to support us and to keep our videos free for everyone. Thank You!►► https://kgs.link/shop. (Worldwide Shipping Available)Sources & further reading:https://sites.google.com/view/sources-darkforest/The Universe is incredibly big and seems full of potential for life, with billions of habitable planets. If an advanced civilization had the technology to travel between the stars, at just 0.1% of the speed of light, It could colonize our galaxy in roughly 100 million years. Which is not that long given the billions of years the milky way has existed – so in principle any spacefaring civilization should be able to spread rapidly over huge sectors of the galaxy. And yet we see nothing, hear nothing, the universe seems empty. Devoid of others. This is the Fermi Paradox, which we have discussed in more detail in other videos.Confronted with the seemingly empty universe, humanity faces a dilemma. We desperately want to know if we are alone in the Milky Way. We want to call out and reveal ourselves to anyone watching but that could be the last thing we ever do. Because maybe the universe is not empty. Maybe it’s full of civilizations but they are hiding from each other. Maybe the civilizations that attracted attention in the past were wiped away by invisible arrows. This is the Dark Forest solution to the Fermi paradox.OUR CHANNELS▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀German Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeDE Spanish Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeES HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US?▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us!Get Merch designed with ❤ https://kgs.link/shop Join the Patreon Bird Army 🐧 https://kgs.link/patreon DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Reddit: https://kgs.link/redditInstagram: https://kgs.link/instagramTwitter: https://kgs.link/twitterFacebook: https://kgs.link/facebookDiscord: https://kgs.link/discordNewsletter: https://kgs.link/newsletterOUR VOICE▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀The Kurzgesagt voice is from Steve Taylor: https://kgs.link/youtube-voiceOUR MUSIC ♬♪▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain:Spotify: https://kgs.link/music-spotifySoundcloud: https://kgs.link/music-soundcloudBandcamp: https://kgs.link/music-bandcampYoutube: https://kgs.link/music-youtubeFacebook: https://kgs.link/music-facebookThe Soundtrack of this video:Soundcloud: https://bit.ly/3pQJ4OoBandcamp: https://bit.ly/3m0fDscIf you want to help us caption this video, please send subtitles to subtitle@kurzgesagt.orgYou can find info on what subtitle files work on YouTube here:https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2734698?hl=en-GB&ref_topic=7296214Thank you!🐦🐧🐤 PATREON BIRD ARMY 🐤🐧🐦▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Many Thanks to our wonderful Patreons (from http://kgs.link/patreon) who support us every month and made this video possible:Ibrahim Khan, gibraltar, Farago Adam, Rico Meinl, Krego Kim, dove, Quentin Le Guennec, CompileNix, Kitty Kuran, Harry Smith, Marc, Nick Vest, Adrian Plummer, Daniel P, William Refsland, Ugur Doga Sezgin, Alexander Dinkelacker, Tk Price, Digital Curio, Splintercat, Mario Müller, Stanley Thompson-Thorn, Nicholas Thaera, Dan Pritts, Josh Lewis!, OffBeatBunny, Christopher Yanac, Leo Espinoza, Amocin, Emily, John Vo, N. A., Pascal Rappolt, Logan Baker, Naiche, Josh, Frederik Ebert, steve young, Ganael D, Kai, Thomas Torrissen, Andrew Weir, Victoria Dewey, Niza Mar, Rajeev Lachmipersad, John Sheffield, French Today (Camille), Kirill Vlasov, Kamito Kazaha, Adam Kurzrok, Kity Bird, Jordan Casley, Jan Pavelka, ADRIAN, Garrett Agard, Martin Etnestad Johansen, Fernanda Scovino, Sébastien Lescos, Krishen Seegobin, maylia 313, Steve Robinson, Xsitsu, jesse jones, Andrija Nenin, Pascal Newman, luixo, Zachary Stiggelbout, Brandon Wolf

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#8Education

A Physics Prof Bet Me $10,000 I'm Wrong

A UCLA Physics Professor bet me $10,000 that my video about going downwind faster than the wind was wrong. This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via https://brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription. For more information about the Veritasium Science Communication Contest check out -- https://ve42.co/contest ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ The wager agreement: https://ve42.co/wagerProf. Kusenko's slides: https://ve42.co/KusenkoMy rebuttal: https://ve42.co/rebuttal ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Huge thanks to Xyla Foxlin for building the model cart, and making the instructions so accessible to the public. Check out Xyla's video -- https://youtu.be/VUgajGv4AokA massive thanks to Bill Nye, Neil DeGrasse Tyson, and Sean Carroll for witnessing the signing of the wager.A huge thanks to Prof. Alexander Kusenko for being a man of honour -- it's a difficult thing to change your mind, especially in a public forum.A huge thanks to Prof. Mark Drela for the interview and help making sure we got the physics right.A massive thanks to Rick Cavallaro for making Blackbird, all your insights, analysis, data, and general help with these videos -- it was so fun to work with you on this crazy project -- check out Rick's channel https://ve42.co/Rick▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ ReferencesM. Drela. Dead-Downwind Faster Than The Wind (DDWFTTW)Analysis (Jan 2009) -- https://ve42.co/Drela2013 AAPT United States Physics Olympiad Semifinal Exam -- https://ve42.co/AAPT2013Rick's treadmill footage -- https://ve42.co/TreadmillRick's multiple explanations of how Blackbird works -- https://ve42.co/DDWFTTWBlackford, B. L. (1978). The physics of a push‐me pull‐you boat. American Journal of Physics, 46(10), 1004-1006. — https://ve42.co/Blackford1979Ruina corrects errors in the above paper: http://ruina.tam.cornell.edu/research/topics/miscellaneous/push-me_pull-you.pdfForum discussions -- https://ve42.co/forum Blog -- https://ve42.co/blog1 and retraction https://ve42.co/BlogRetractionBauer, A. B. (1969, April). Faster than the Wind. In First AIAA Symposium on Sailing. -- https://ve42.co/Bauer1969Bauer's Obituary -- https://ve42.co/BauerObituaryGaunaa, M., Øye, S., & Mikkelsen, R. F. (2009). Theory and design of flow driven vehicles using rotors for energy conversion. In EWEC 2009 Proceedings online EWEC Md. Sadak Ali Khan, Syed Ali Sufiyan, Jibu Thomas George, Md. Nizamuddin Ahmed. Analysis of Down-Wind Propeller Vehicle. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3, 4. (April 2013) ISSN 2250-3153. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Special thanks to Patreon supporters: Mike Tung, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Ismail Öncü Usta, Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Crated Comments, Anna, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, Oleksii Leonov, Jim Osmun, Tyson McDowell, Ludovic Robillard, Jim Buckmaster, fanime96, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Joar Wandborg, Clayton Greenwell, Pindex, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Written and Edited by Derek MullerAnimation by Mike RadjabovManim equations by Jonny HymanFilmed by Emily Zhang and Raquel NunoMusic from Epidemic Sound https://epidemicsound.com and by Jonny HymanAdditional video supplied by Getty ImagesProduced by Emily Zhang, Petr Lebedev and Derek Muller

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#9Education

The problem so hard we had to invent new numbers

A general solution to the cubic equation was long considered impossible, until we gave up the requirement that math reflect reality. This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via https://brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription.Thanks to Dr Amir Alexander, Dr Alexander Kontorovich, Dr Chris Ferrie, and Dr Adam Becker for the helpful advice and feedback on the earlier versions of the script. ▀▀▀References:Some great videos about the cubic:500 years of not teaching the cubic formula. -- https://youtu.be/N-KXStupwscImaginary Numbers are Real -- https://youtu.be/T647CGsuOVUDunham, W. (1990). Journey through genius: The great theorems of mathematics. New York. -- https://ve42.co/Dunham90Toscano, F. (2020). The Secret Formula. Princeton University Press. -- https://ve42.co/Toscano2020Bochner, S. (1963). The significance of some basic mathematical conceptions for physics. Isis, 54(2), 179-205. -- https://ve42.co/Bochner63Muroi, K. (2019). Cubic equations of Babylonian mathematics. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.08034. -- https://ve42.co/Murio21Branson, W. Solving the cubic with Cardano, -- https://ve42.co/Branson2014Rothman, T. (2013). Cardano v Tartaglia: The Great Feud Goes Supernatural. arXiv preprint arXiv:1308.2181. -- https://ve42.co/RothmanVali Siadat, M., & Tholen, A. (2021). Omar Khayyam: Geometric Algebra and Cubic Equations. Math Horizons, 28(1), 12-15. -- https://ve42.co/Siadat21Merino, O. (2006). A short history of complex numbers. University of Rhode Island. -- https://ve42.co/Merino2006Cardano, G (1545), Ars magna or The Rules of Algebra, Dover (published 1993), ISBN 0-486-67811-3Bombelli, R (1579) L’Algebra https://ve42.co/Bombelli▀▀▀Special thanks to Patreon supporters: Luis Felipe, Anton Ragin, Paul Peijzel, S S, Benedikt Heinen, Diffbot, Micah Mangione, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Sam Lutfi, MJP, Gnare, Nick DiCandilo, Dave Kircher, Edward Larsen, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Dumky, Mike Tung, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Ismail Öncü Usta, Crated Comments, Anna, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, Oleksii Leonov, Jim Osmun, Tyson McDowell, Ludovic Robillard, Jim buckmaster, fanime96, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Vincent, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Joar Wandborg, Clayton Greenwell, Pindex, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson,Ron Neal Written by Derek Muller, Alex Kontorovich, Stephen Welch and Petr LebedevAnimation by Fabio Albertelli, Jakub Misiek, Iván Tello and Jesús RascónMathematical animations done with Manim -- thanks Grant Sanderson and the Manim community!SFX by Shaun CliffordFilmed by Derek Muller and Emily ZhangEdited by Derek Muller and Petr LebedevAdditional video supplied by Getty ImagesMusic from Epidemic SoundAdditional Music By Jonny HymanProduced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev and Emily Zhang

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#10Education

What Dinosaurs ACTUALLY Looked Like?

https://kgs.link/12022_CalendarAs the year 12,021 slowly comes to an end, we present to you the 12,022 Human Era Calendar: Eons Edition. You can get the very shiny, high-quality, limited edition now until we sell out and then never again. WORLDWIDE SHIPPING AVAILABLE. Sources & further reading:https://sites.google.com/view/sources-mysteries-of-the-past/The past is a vast and mysterious land that begins at the big bang and ends in the present, expanding with each passing moment. It is the home of everything that came before, the key to understanding our present. Here we find the most amazing creatures to ever roam our planet, hundreds of millions of species so diverse that our imagination cannot do them justice. Unfortunately the past carefully guards its secrets.OUR CHANNELS▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀German Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeDE Spanish Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeES HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US?▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us!Get Merch designed with ❤ https://kgs.link/shop Join the Patreon Bird Army 🐧 https://kgs.link/patreon DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Reddit: https://kgs.link/redditInstagram: https://kgs.link/instagramTwitter: https://kgs.link/twitterFacebook: https://kgs.link/facebookDiscord: https://kgs.link/discordNewsletter: https://kgs.link/newsletterOUR VOICE▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀The Kurzgesagt voice is from Steve Taylor: https://kgs.link/youtube-voiceOUR MUSIC ♬♪▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain:Spotify: https://kgs.link/music-spotifySoundcloud: https://kgs.link/music-soundcloudBandcamp: https://kgs.link/music-bandcampYoutube: https://kgs.link/music-youtubeFacebook: https://kgs.link/music-facebookThe Soundtrack of this video:Soundcloud: https://bit.ly/2YDoQhaBandcamp: https://bit.ly/3mLPwojIf you want to help us caption this video, please send subtitles to subtitle@kurzgesagt.orgYou can find info on what subtitle files work on YouTube here:https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2734698?hl=en-GB&ref_topic=7296214Thank you!🐦🐧🐤 PATREON BIRD ARMY 🐤🐧🐦▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Many Thanks to our wonderful Patreons (from http://kgs.link/patreon) who support us every month and made this video possible:Hex5ter 99, Sheeran, Shaun Loh, Umo Jami, Claudio Catarinella, Noah Costello, Dylan West, Kyla de Villa, Alex Graham, Larry Apolonio, The Pixel Life, Douglas Steel, Bernhard Wiedemann, Ryantsang, Michael Enrico, JV, Mark Goldberg, Patryk Borkowski, Pilar Amador Cortés, Rafi Khan, Val, Egidijus Grygolaitis, Kageetai, Yasmin Muryadi, Elyse Endlich, Liam Sheppard, Henrique Borsatto de Campos, Corheu, PicaHud, ATTILA VONDORKOVICS, Jessica Abood, Kim Martin Jensen, Christian Larmann, Gentatsu Sakakibara, Red Ryan, Jazz, Iain Cuthbertson, Ben Price, Kyle T David, Shia Labeouf, Fizzonaut, Leopold Kamp, Vaccineman, Shuder, Chio Verastegui, Buff Skeleton, Steven Drovie, Elric Zhang, Petru Cotarcea, Van Nels Dantas, Marvin Heintze, Dwayne Sinclair, Jesus Torres, ApocryphalDNR, jdf, Lex Lehmann, Peyton Drouhard, Exordin, Eduardo Gonzalez, Energy Transformation with Sierra Reed, Elías Natán Jiménez Alvarado, Alex AM, Erebus GAME, Rahul Chandra, Ass Hat, Chris Lihosit, Hero Luu, Matthew Evans, Isaac Griess, Flynn, Hans, Eduard S, Yorick Terweijden, Alexander Ottinger, Maxley Fraser, Anna Parfenova, Fame and fortune guaranteed in the state of Tintucky, Kevin Meyers, Travis Agaman, Pablo Corredor, Umberto Badalin, Marton Csikos, AquisM

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