Which Way Is Down?

Editorial Analysis

BRAIN CANDY LIVE http://www.braincandylive.com/tickets\nTHE VSAUCE CURIOSITY BOX: https://www.curiositybox.com/\nLinks to sources and to learn more below!\n\nmy twitter https://twitter.com/tweetsauce\nmy instagram https://www.instagram.com/electricpants\n\nThanks to Eric Langlay (https://www.youtube.com/user/ericdraven30) for producing, editing, and animating this episode with me. Thanks also to Henry Reich (https://www.youtube.com/user/minutephysics) for his advice and guidance.\n\nUniverse Sandbox² : http://universesandbox.com/\n\nMass vs weight:\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_versus_weight\nGreat Veritasium video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Z0X0yE8Ioc\ntwo other great videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ccIjRwYO9U and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCqQzrPCcFM\n\nbaseballs coming together under gravitational attraction can be simulated in Universe Sandbox 2. More math behind it can be found here: https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2vyxl7/eli5_will_two_baseballs_a_foot_apart_in_deep/\n\nWeight to mass (on surface of Earth) convertor: https://www.convertunits.com/from/kilograms/to/newton\n\npencil and Earth falling numbers: https://www.quora.com/When-we-drop-a-pencil-the-earth-attracts-it-and-it-seems-that-the-pencil-is-falling-towards-earth-Why-doesnt-the-earth-come-up-towards-the-pencil\n\nNASA HD footage: https://archive.org/details/NASA-Ultra-High-Definition\n\nBuoyancy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoyancy\n\nEarth’s spin and its effect on ‘down’: http://www.freemars.org/jeff/Earth/down.htm\n\nThe measurement of Earth and its gravity: \n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesy\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_geodesy\n\nMovement of Earth’s center of mass: \n\nhttp://www.aiub.unibe.ch/research/slr_data_analysis/estimating_the_geocenter_and_earth_rotation_parameter/index_eng.html\nhttp://www.massentransporte.de/index.php?id=307\nhttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.650.4392&rep=rep1&type=pdf\n\nyou get heavier before you get lighter as you descend into Earth: https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4qfl52/do_you_get_lighter_the_further_underground_that/\n\nvertical deflection: \n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_deflection\n\npractical uses of measuring gravity: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravimetry\n\ngeoid:\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoid\nhttps://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/geoid.html\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jOQl8DRzQks\n\nInteractive Earth geoid: https://experiments.withgoogle.com/chrome/geoid-viewer\n\nyour weight when moon is overhead: https://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/index.php?topic=11639.0\n\nHammer and feather drop on moon: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo_15_feather_drop.html\n\nWhy things fall at the same rate: https://www.quora.com/If-an-object-has-more-mass-then-its-pull-on-earth-would-be-greater-than-an-object-with-less-mass-and-therefore-should-fall-to-earth-faster-Why-do-objects-of-different-mass-fall-to-earth-at-the-same-speed\n\nWolfram Alpha cone geodesic tool: http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/ConeGeodesics/\n\nGeneral Relativity:\n\nsimple animation showing geodesic on cone and how it causes motion DOWN in space: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdC0QN6f3G4\nGREAT pbs spacetime video (watch the whole channel): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwhKZ3fd9JA\nhttp://www.askamathematician.com/2009/10/q-why-does-curved-space-time-cause-gravity/\nhttps://www.av8n.com/physics/geodesics.htm#sec-straight\nhttp://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/spacetime/\nhttp://www.einstein-online.info/spotlights/geometry_force\n\ntime and gravity:\n\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlTVIMOix3I\nhttps://youtu.be/1ENkP0h8nAg\nhttps://youtu.be/gcvq1DAM-DE\nhttps://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/30lt1o/bending_of_space_not_responsible_for_objects/\nhttps://www.reddit.com/r/AskScienceDiscussion/comments/3rfmtl/does_time_dilation_cause_gravity_or_the_other_way/\n\ntests of general relativity: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tests_of_general_relativity\n\nRECOMENDED BOOKS:\n\ngreat introductory texts:\n\n“Relativity Visualized” by Lewis Carroll Epstein https://www.amazon.com/Relativity-Explained-Classics-Science-Mathematics/dp/0486293157\n\nThere’s also this PDF that takes Epstein’s diagrams into more detail: http://www.relativity.li/uploads/pdf/English/Epstein_en.pdf\n\n“Relativity Simply Explained” by Martin Gardener https://www.amazon.com/Relativity-Explained-Classics-Science-Mathematics/dp/0486293157\n\ngreat intro to the math of general relativity:\n\n“A Most Incomprehensible Thing: Notes Towards a Very Gentle Introduction to the Mathematics of Relativity” by Peter Collier https://www.amazon.com/Most-Incomprehensible-Thing-Introduction-Mathematics/dp/0957389469/\n\nRequires some background in relevant math topics (see above) but very very good:\n\n“Spacetime And Geometry: An Introduction To General Relativity” by Sean Carrol https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/9332571651/